1. When a conviction is made void and wrongly convicted parties are set free this is known as vacating a conviction:

1. True.
2. False.

2. The issue of false confessions was first considered formally via an essay written in 1908 by:

1. Kilmeister;
2. Munsterburg;
3. Ministerborg;
4. Krychek.

3. The polygraph (lie detection machine) was invented by Clark:

1. True.
2. False.

4. The polygraph measures electrical activity in the brain:

1. True.
2. False.

5. MRI techniques are said to ‘excite’ which molecule of the body?

1. helium;
2. iron;
3. hydrogen;
4. oxygen.

6. fMRI is typically employed in psychology-based research to examine changes in blood flow of which organ?

1. liver;
2. spleen;
3. brain;
4. kidneys.

7. Police officers show aptitude at detecting lies in ‘high stake situations’ such as interviewing suspects of murder:

1. True.
2. False.

8. Stereotyping of suspects may adversely impact police officers ability to detect lying according to:

1. Jones;
2. Page;
3. Plant;
4. Williams.

9. Interrogation techniques that have been used by police has been criticised for producing false confessions:

1. True.
2. False.

10. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984 mandates:

1. proper arrest;
2. proper detention;
3. proper interview/interrogation;
4. all of the above.

11. One stage of The Reid Technique (1947), is factorial analysis:

1. True.
2. False.

12. The Reid Technique consists of how many steps?

1. twelve;
2. seven;
3. nine;*
4. six.

13. Gudjonssons’ research into interrogative suggestibility found that some individuals are more vulnerable because they are eager to please and want to avoid confrontation:

1. True.
2. False.

14. Individuals who are highly suggestible according to higher scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS) indicates that some people can be persuaded to confess because of a number of factors including poor self esteem:

1. True.
2. False.

15. Redlich (2007) research suggests 22% of prison inmates with what provide false confessions?

1. frontal lobes;
2. mental acuity;
3. mental illness;
4. synesthesia.