1. The word “culture” originated from ______.

1. the Russian word ‘creda’, meaning ‘being’
2. the Latin word ‘cultura’, which is from the verb colere, denoting ‘to till’
3. the Turkish word ‘copki’, denoting ‘to swim’
4. the Slovene word ‘kava’, denoting ‘a coffee’

2. Which of the following statements best defines culture?

1. Culture is a particular way of life of a group of people.
2. Culture is an ideology comprised of false belief systems.
3. Culture is a site of oppression.
4. Culture is only rules and norms.

3. In Australia, cultural beliefs by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander have ______.

1. focused on hanging horseshoes over their doors to bring positive spirits and good luck
2. traditionally had a strong physical and spiritual bond with the landscape through ‘the Dreaming’
3. focused on bowing to their children
4. focused on both hanging horseshoes over their doors to bring positive spirits and good luck and on bowing to their children

4. Which of the following statements best reflects the power of the cultural rituals and customs that people observe?

1. normalization of violence
2. the power of football (soccer) in many countries, starting in Europe and South America, symbolizing a core value of pride in the nation
3. the royal weddings, reinforcing the belonging to a national culture
4. both the power of football (soccer) in many countries, starting in Europe and South America, symbolizing a core value of pride in the nation, and the royal weddings, reinforcing the belonging to a national culture

5. Which of the following best describes the emic approach?

1. The emic approach views each culture as a unique entity that can only be examined by constructs developed from inside the culture.
2. The emic approach focuses on identifying culture-specific aspects concepts and behaviour which cannot be compared across all cultures.
3. Emic knowledge and interpretations are those existing within a culture, that are shaped by local customs, values, meanings, and beliefs .
4. all of these

6. According to social constructionist, cultural identity ______.

1. means that people use linguistic and other cultural resources in the ongoing construction and reconstruction of personal and group identity
2. locates a person in a cultural group and distinguishes the person from others who are in other groups
3. is a theatrical performance that conveys the self to others in the best possible light
4. all of these

7. What does it mean that ‘culture is dynamic’?

1. Culture is subject to change over time.
2. Culture may be examined by applying predetermined categories.
3. Only elites create culture.
4. Culture is resistance to change.

8. Which of the following statements best describes subculture?

1. There are subcultures within culture.
2. Subcultures give their members feelings of anxiety and fear only.
3. Subcultures can be defined by ethnicity, social class, organization and geographic region.
4. There are subcultures within culture, and subcultures can be defined by ethnicity, social class, organization and geographic region.

9. Which of the following statements is NOT true of organizational culture?

1. Employees hold beliefs and values governing their behaviour.
2. Employees develop shared interpretation of organizational reality.
3. Subsidiaries of the same organization operating in different countries have exactly same values.
4. Organizational culture gives employees a sense of identity.

10. Digital culture stands for the changes brought about by contemporary digital, networked and personalised media in our society. In that, digital culture ______.

1. associates itself strictly with less user participation
2. focuses only on religious identities
3. promotes majority ethnic groups
4. signifies the transformation from print and broadcast centred media to networked media, which rely on digital communication technologies