1. Language has different components. Which of the following is concerned with the study of the meanings of words, and the relationships between words and the things they refer to?

1. morphology
2. semantics
3. syntax
4. phonology

2. Which of the following communication styles are more likely to be associated with individualistic cultures?

1. direct
2. elaborate
3. pragmatic
4. contextual

3. Which of the following statements is true of an instrumental style of communication?

1. The speaker’s needs and intentions are explicitly communicated.
2. The speakers express emotions.
3. The speaker is goal-oriented and sender-focused to achieve an outcome.
4. The speaker uses colourful language to elaborate on needs and wants.

4. Which best describes the practice of ‘culture jamming’?

1. a practice that simplifies grammatical structures of different languages
2. a practice that prefers only a direct communication style
3. a practice that encourages women to speak louder
4. a practice that aims to disrupt consumer culture by using a particular type of language while transforming corporate advertising with subversive language

5. Deborah Tannen (1990), a discourse analyst, claims that men and women express themselves differently. Which of the following statements is true of gender communication, according to Tannen?

1. Women usually use verbal communication to report about the world.
2. Women usually use verbal communication to report and for rapport.
3. Men usually use verbal communication for rapport.
4. Men usually use verbal communication to report about the world.

6. Although languages differ, there are some common characteristics. Which of the following statement best characterizes language, according to Neuliep (2017)?

1. All languages have some way of naming objects, places or things.
2. All languages share the same meaning of the word ‘snow’.
3. All languages have a set of formal grammatical rules for combining sounds and words to create meaning.
4. All languages have some way of naming objects, places or things, and have a set of formal grammatical rules for combining sounds and words to create meaning.

7. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between language and identity?

1. Language is an integral part of our personal, social, ethnic, and national identities, because language marks our cultural and social boundaries.
2. The language we speak does not influence how we perceive and categorize the world around us in any way.
3. Language is used for identities more by women than by men.
4. Language symbolizes identity only for migrants but not for local citizens of the immigrant receiving country.

8. In contemporary societies, our lives are strongly governed by the political environment, the economy, different public and private institutions, and the media. Fairclough (2003) points out that discourses ______.

1. do not represent the world as is
2. represent possible worlds we imagined or projected to be
3. are not important in constructing and framing our identities
4. do not regulate what can or cannot be said in a given society

9. To translate ‘It rains cats and dogs’ from English into another language may cause problems. Which type of translation problem does this example illustrate?

1. conceptual equivalence
2. experiential equivalence
3. idiomatic equivalence
4. vocabulary equivalence

10. Which of the following is true of the constructivists’ view on language acquisition?

1. There is a universal grammar which governs language acquisition.
2. Language acquisition requires interaction with a structured environment.
3. Language acquisition does not involve unveiling the patterns of language.
4. Language acquisition can take place independent of context.