Kim, J-A. (2006) “Measuring the impact of knowledge management”, IFLA Journal, vol. 32:4, pp. 362–367.

This article seeks to uncover meaning of impact by analyzing rich, non-numerical information in a context of a particular case or multiple cases.

Desouza, K.C. (2010) “Winning the business case for knowledge management”, Business Information Review, vol. 27:3, pp. 159–174.

This article outlines guidelines on how to tie knowledge management efforts to an organization’s goals, objectives and key performance indicators.

Massingham, P. and Massingham, R. (2014) “Does knowledge management produce practical outcomes”, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 18:2, pp. 221–254 (please note this content is behind a paywall).

This article provides further explanation of the practical outcomes model.

Mills, A.M. and Smith, T.A. (2011) “Knowledge management and organizational performance: a decomposed view”, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 15:1, pp. 156–171 (please note this content is behind a paywall).

This article is a critical review of knowledge management as a capability.

Zack, M., McKeen, J. and Singh, S. (2009) “Knowledge management and organizational performance: an exploratory analysis”, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 13:6, pp. 392–409 (please note this content is behind a paywall).

This article provides an alternative perspective.