Chapter 14: Psychology in the Police Station 1: Victims and Witnesses
1. When a conviction is made void and wrongly convicted parties are set free this is known as vacating a conviction:
- True.
- False.
2. The issue of false confessions was first considered formally via an essay written in 1908 by:
- Kilmeister;
- Munsterburg;
- Ministerborg;
- Krychek.
3. The polygraph (lie detection machine) was invented by Clark:
- True.
- False.
4. The polygraph measures electrical activity in the brain:
- True.
- False.
5. MRI techniques are said to ‘excite’ which molecule of the body?
- helium;
- iron;
- hydrogen;
- oxygen.
6. fMRI is typically employed in psychology-based research to examine changes in blood flow of which organ?
- liver;
- spleen;
- brain;
- kidneys.
7. Police officers show aptitude at detecting lies in ‘high stake situations’ such as interviewing suspects of murder:
- True.
- False.
8. Stereotyping of suspects may adversely impact police officers ability to detect lying according to:
- Jones;
- Page;
- Plant;
- Williams.
9. Interrogation techniques that have been used by police has been criticised for producing false confessions:
- True.
- False.
10. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984 mandates:
- proper arrest;
- proper detention;
- proper interview/interrogation;
- all of the above.
11. One stage of The Reid Technique (1947), is factorial analysis:
- True.
- False.
12. The Reid Technique consists of how many steps?
- twelve;
- seven;
- nine;*
- six.
13. Gudjonssons’ research into interrogative suggestibility found that some individuals are more vulnerable because they are eager to please and want to avoid confrontation:
- True.
- False.
14. Individuals who are highly suggestible according to higher scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS) indicates that some people can be persuaded to confess because of a number of factors including poor self esteem:
- True.
- False.
15. Redlich (2007) research suggests 22% of prison inmates with what provide false confessions?
- frontal lobes;
- mental acuity;
- mental illness;
- synesthesia.