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Article 1: Button, D. M., & Worthen, M. G. (2014). General strain theory for LGBQ and SSB youth: The importance of intersectionality in the future of feminist criminology. Feminist Criminology, 9(4), 270–297.

Abstract: This study applies an intersectional general strain theory (GST) framework to understand the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning (LGBQ) youth, and youth involved in same-sex sexual behavior (SSB). Using a statewide probability sample of LGBQ and SSB youth (N = 539) in Grades 9 to 12, results show that understanding LGBQ and SSB youths’ experiences with victimization (feeling unsafe, threatened or injured, property stolen) and negative outcomes (poor academic performance, substance use, suicidality) must be underscored with the significance of and intersections between gender, sexual identity, and sexual behavior. Implications for the importance of intersectionality in GST and the future of feminist criminology are offered.

Questions that apply to this article:

1. Identify one independent and one dependent variable.
2. How did the authors apply the use of chi-square analyses?
3. What were the results of the chi-square analyses?
    

Article 2: Richards, T. N., Jennings, W. G., Tomsich, E. A., & Gover, A. R. (2012). A longitudinal examination of offending and specialization among a sample of Massachusetts domestic violence offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(3) 643–663.

Abstract: A paucity of existing research focuses on longitudinal examinations of criminal trajectories among reoffenses committed by domestic violence offenders. Specifically, few studies have longitudinally assessed whether domestic violence offenders specialize, recidivating in domestic violence assault, or generalize, committing a range of personal and property crimes. Acknowledging these research deficiencies, the current study uses longitudinal data from a cohort of 317 batterers who were processed in a domestic violence court to investigate the trajectories of domestic violence arrests and nondomestic violence arrests over a 10-year period. The degree of overlap between domestic and nondomestic violence arrest trajectory groups is examined through a cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis. Logistic and multinomial regression models are applied to identify risk factors that distinguish trajectory groups. A PROC TRAJ procedure identifies two trajectory groups for domestic violence arrests (low and high rate) and three trajectory groups for nondomestic violence arrests (very low, low, and high rate). Results indicate that specialization among domestic violence offenders is rare—prior alcohol and drug crimes predict membership in the high-rate domestic violence arrest trajectory group and prior domestic violence arrests predict membership in both the low-rate and high-rate nondomestic violence arrest trajectories. Implications for future research and policy are discussed in this article.

Questions that apply to this article:

1. How would Table 1 be defined (e.g., 2x2, 3x3, etc.)?
2. What is the value of column marginal 1?
3. What does this table say about nondomestic violence arrest and domestic violence arrest trajectories across the 10 year span?