1. What does the term epigenetics refer to?

1. The study of all an individual's genes
2. The factors that influence the way genes are expressed in the cells of the body
3. The autosomal pattern of inheritance
4. A map of a person's genes

2. Which of the following is a genetic based change within DNA?

1. Chromosomal or gene anomalies
2. Ribosome abnormalities
3. Cytoplasmic anomalies
4. Abnormalities in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3. In the family pedigree, identify the type of inheritance seen.

1. X-linked dominant
2. Mitochondrial inheritance
3. Autosomal dominant
4. Autosomal recessive

4. In the family pedigree, what is the genetic risk or probability of Emma and Dudu having a fifth child whose phenotype is affected by the sickle cell gene?

1. 1 in 4 or 25 per cent, p=0.25
2. 1 in 2 or 50 per cent, p=0.5
3. 6.25 per cent, p=0.0625
4. 100 per cent,  p=1.0 

5. What is the age of consent whereby a child can consent to genetic testing?

1. 12 years
2. 14 years
3. 16 years
4. 18 years