The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change
Student Resources
Chapter 2: The Three Witches of Attitude
1. The three important aspects of attitude are ______.
- content, structure, function
- salience, strength, significance
- substance, impact, implication
- none of these
Answer: A
2. The Multicomponent Model of Attitudes suggests that ______.
- components of attitudes are formed depending on the strength of the attitude object
- attitudes are one of the base components that formulate cognition
- attitudes are made up of intrinsic and extrinsic components
- attitudes are summary evaluations of an object that are derived from cognitive, affective, and behavioral information
Answer: D
3. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
- People differ in the degree to which their attitudes are based on affective or cognitive components.
- When individuals possess positive beliefs about an attitude object, they typically have positive affective and behavioral associations with the object.
- The affective component refers to beliefs, thoughts, and attributes associated with an attitude object.
- The behavioral component refers to past behaviors with respect to an attitude object.
Answer: C
4. Attitudinal ambivalence arises when a person’s attitude consist of ______.
- few positive and many negative elements
- few negative and many positive elements
- few positive and few negative elements
- many positive and many negative elements
Answer: D
5. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
- Ambivalent attitudes are more likely to predict behavior than non-ambivalent attitudes
- Ambivalent and non-ambivalent attitudes influence how people process issue-relevant information
- Ambivalent attitudes tend to cause greater scrutiny of information that can help to resolve the ambivalence.
- Ambivalent and non-ambivalent attitudes predict behavior.
Answer: A
6. Which of the following statements is true?
- Measures of potential and felt ambivalence correlate very highly.
- Felt ambivalence is the actual feeling of ease that people experience when they consciously think about the attitude object.
- Potential ambivalence is a state of conflict that exists when people simultaneously possess positive and negative evaluations of an attitudinal object.
- all of these
Answer: C
7. According to Smith et al. (1956), what is a function served by attitudes?
- object-appraisal
- social-adjustment
- externalization
- all of these
Answer: D
8. What is the Attitudes Functions Inventory?
- a comprehensive list of the attitude functions of world leaders since 1960
- a self-report measure asking participants to rate the extent to which their attitude fulfills different functions
- a listing that places attitude objects into categories based on whether they serve a utilitarian function or an ego-defensive one
- an attitude function measure developed by Smith et al. (1956)
Answer: B
9. According to the study by Snyder and DeBono (1985, Study 3), which statement below is correct?
- Low self-monitors are more persuaded by an image appeal than by a quality appeal.
- High self-monitors are more persuaded by a quality appeal than by an image appeal.
- Individual differences in attitude function influence how people respond to different types of persuasive appeals.
- It is not important to know the needs fulfilled by a person’s attitude.
Answer: C
10. Which of the following statements on attitude strength is NOT true?
- Strong attitudes are more persistent.
- Strong attitudes are more resistant to change.
- Strong attitudes are less likely to influence information processing.
- Strong attitudes are more likely to guide behavior.
Answer: C
11. The need for affect refers to ______
- the tendency to ruminate over past mistakes
- the tendency to seek out and enjoy emotional experiences
- the desire to form attitudes serving a value-expressive and utilitarian function
- a proclivity toward forming emotional attitudes
Answer: B
12. When a persuasive message has the potential to reduce attitude ambivalence, message recipients who are highly ambivalent toward the topic are more likely to ______
- process the message emotionally
- exhibit low involvement in the topic
- think carefully about the message arguments
- form ego-defensive attitudes about the topic
Answer: C