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Article 1: Davis, M.S. (2006). "Crimes Mala in Se: An Equity-Based Definition." Criminal Justice Policy Review, 17(3): 270-289.
DOI: 10.1177/0887403405281962

Article 2: Rafter, N. (2005). "The Murderous Dutch Fiddler: Criminology, History and the Problem of Phrenology." Theoretical Criminology, 9(1): 65-96.
DOI: 10.1177/1362480605048943

Article 3: Bruinsma, G. (2016). “Proliferation of crime causation theories in an era of fragmentation: Reflections on the current state of criminological theory.” European Journal of Criminology.
DOI: 10.1177/1477370816667884

Article 4: Skogan, W. (2015). “Disorder and decline: The state of research.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(4): 464-485.
DOI: 10.1177/0022427815577836