Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to
8.1 Explain the value of descriptive statistics
8.2 Contrast the advantages of using graphs and using frequency distributions
8.3 Defend the inclusion of both measures of central tendency and measures of
variation in data analysis
8.4 Describe how to examine the relationship between variables with cross-tabular
analysis
8.5 Elaborate on the use of secondary data and Big Data
8.6 Review the ways in which statistics can be used to mislead