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Journal Link 9.1: Ross, D. L., & Knowles, F. E. (2011). Expanding the confrontation clause and testimonial hearsay statements: Michigan v. Bryant. Criminal Justice Review, 36(3), 375-386.

Questions that apply to this article:

1. What is the difference between testimonial statements and nontestimonial statements?
2. How many exceptions to the Hearsay Rule have the Federal rules of evidence identified?
3. What did the court decide on the issue of “dying declarations” in Crawford v. Washington?

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Journal Link 9.2: Szmania, S. J., & Gracyalny, M. L. (2006). Addressing the court, the offender, and the community: A communication analysis of victim impact statements in a non-capital sentencing hearing. International Review of Victimology, 13, 231-249.

Questions that apply to this article:

1. What are the possible benefits of VIS during punishment sentencing? Downsides?
2. What is the concept of parallel justice?
3. How much guidance in constructing their statements were the families given in the Ridgeway case? What could be learned from it?