1. The preference by young children to play with children of the same gender is called:

1. gender self-segregation
2. gender stereotyping
3. fantasy play
4. sex-chromosome linked

2. In the fantasy play of early child, we see the ability to understand:

1. institutional roles
2. conventional characters
3. conservation of solids and liquids
4. all the logical possibilities of a situation

3. When young children talk about how they are playing, they are:

1. metacommunicating
2. playing
3. fantasizing
4. arguing

4. Early childhood is a time of ____ , while middle childhood is a stage of ___

1. sociodramatic play; games with rules
2. games with rules; sociodramatic play
3. sociodramatic play and games with rules; going to school
4. sociodramatic play; more complex sociodramatic play

5. There are systematic differences in the ways young boys and young girls engage in fantasy play:

1. yes
2. no

6. The distinction between appearance and reality is drawn for the first time in which stage of psychological development?

1. infancy
2. toddlerhood
3. early childhood
4. middle childhood

7. Which psychologist described play as an activity in which young children impose constraints on themselves?

1. Vygotsky
2. Piaget
3. Skinner
4. G. Stanley Hall

8. For Piaget, play involves:

1. the primacy of assimilation over accommodation
2. the primacy of accommodation over assimilation
3. a balance of accommodation and assimilation
4. neither accommodation nor assimilation

9. For Piaget, when a young child plays, this indicates:

1. a failure of adaptation to reality
2. the creation of reality
3. an opportunity for the development of imagination
4. the imposition of constraints on oneself

10. How do the Maya people (in Guatemala) view young children’s play?

1. natural but with little function
2. unnatural, something to be discouraged
3. natural and crucial for children’s development
4. unnatural, but unavoidable

11. Cross-cultural studies of young children’s play suggest that in its structure and function such play is:

1. neither inevitable nor universal
2. inevitable and universal
3. inevitable, but not universal
4. universal, but not inevitable

12. A film such as Toy Story illustrates:

1. how the modern media industry targets and colonizes the imagination of young children
2. the techniques that turn young children into consumers
3. the way films are designed to appeal to a young audience
4. all of the above

13. Attitudes and rules about behavior in preschool vary greatly from society to society. In Japan, for example, preschool teachers are more likely to believe that:

1. large classes provide young children with valuable peer interaction
2. small classes provide young children with individualized attention
3. being smart has no relation to being well-behaved
4. teachers should always intervene when there is conflict among the children