Research on Professional Knowledge

Professional knowledge research seeks to document and analyse the experience of therapists, and what they have learned, in relation to their work with a specific client group or issue. This type of research is a valuable supplement to other types of studies that look at therapy from the perspective of the client or that of an independent scientific observer.

The material in Chapter 11 highlights the challenges associated with this area of research, such as the tendency for participants to describe their experience by reference to their pre-existing theory of therapy, rather than providing a candid account of what their practice was really like. When you read the exemplar studies listed below, pay particular attention to the data collection (i.e., interview questions) and data analysis strategies used in each paper, and how effective they seem to have been.

It is also important to keep in mind that the primary audience for professional knowledge studies is you (i.e, therapists). Before you start to read a paper, take a few moments to review your own experience of the topic being investigated, and what you are curious about regarding the topic. How well does each paper answer your questions or provide you with new information, understanding and insight? What should the researcher(s) have done, to generate findings that might have been more useful?

Readings

Adame, A. L. (2019). “Present through it all”: a qualitative exploration of psychotherapy and psychosis. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 59(6), 859876.  

IPA study with a small sample

Allan, R., Eatough, V., & Ungar, M. (2016). “I had no idea this shame piece was in me”: Couple and family therapists’ experience with learning an evidence-based practice. Cogent Psychology, 3(1), 1129120

IPA study that focuses in detail on a single theme (shame) rather than presenting a more comprehensive account of what emerged in interviews

Aradas, J., Sales, D., Rhodes, P., & Conti, J. (2019). “As long as they eat”? Therapist experiences, dilemmas and identity negotiations of Maudsley and family-based therapy for anorexia nervosa. Journal of Eating Disorders, 7(1), 112.

Used a generic approach to qualitative analysis. Unusually detailed, theoretically-informed interview schedule (available as an Appendix to the article) 

Baima, T., & Sude, M. E. (2020). What white mental health professionals need to understand about whiteness: A Delphi study. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 46(1), 6280.

Provides insight into how the Delphi Technique can be used to harness professional knowledge around a key contemporary issue

Brattland, H., Høiseth, J. R., Burkeland, O., Inderhaug, T. S., Binder, P. E., & Iversen, V. C. (2018). Learning from clients: A qualitative investigation of psychotherapists’ reactions to negative verbal feedback. Psychotherapy Research, 28(4), 545559 

The interview is mainly based on the participant offering a detailed account of a specific incident

Beel, N., Brownlow, C., Jeffries, C., & du Preez, J. (2020). Counseling men: treatment recommendations from Australian men’s therapists. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 28(1), 101121 

Used on-line interviews and Thematic Analysis. Distinctive way of framing findings – as recommendations from experienced practitioners

Goode-Cross, D. T., & Grim, K. A. (2016). “An unspoken level of comfort”: Black therapists’ experiences working with black clients. Journal of Black Psychology, 42(1), 2953.

IPA study with large sample. Findings section makes use of long quotes

McRobie, S., & Agee, M. (2017). Pacific counsellors’ use of indigenous values, proverbs, metaphors, symbols, and stories in their counselling practices. New Zealand Journal of Counselling, 37(2), 103127. 

Data collected using individual interviews and focus groups. Study was guided by principles of culturally-sensitive research. Data analysed using grounded theory

Perren, S., & Richardson, T. (2018). Everybody needs a group: A qualitative study looking at therapists’ views of the role of psychotherapy groups in working with older people with dementia and complex needs. Group Analysis, 51(1), 317

Used focus groups to collect data

Werbart, A., Gråke, E., & Klingborg, F. (2020). Deadlock in psychotherapy: A phenomenological study of eight psychodynamic therapists’ experiences. Counselling Psychology Quarterly. DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2020.1863186.

IPA study in which interviews focused on detailed accounts of single instances/cases

Wu, B., Huang, X., Jackson, T., Su, D., & Morrow, S. L. (2016). Counselors’ current counseling practice: A qualitative investigation in China. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(3), 306330

Grounded Theory study with particular attention to researcher reflexivity and pre-expectations