1. Sir Francis Galton associated individual differences in intelligence with their …

1. ability to detect subtle sensory information changes
2. IQ score
3. schooling
4. ability to speak well publicly

2. The reason for the construction of the test of intelligence by Binet was …

1. to select recruits into specific army roles
2. because there was financial incentive to do so
3. to detect pupils who struggled in school
4. because personality tests were inadequate

3. Binet’s idea of a person’s ‘mental age’ …

1. is a judgement that can be made by psychologists
2. is related to their ability demonstrated by the difficulty level of test items completed
3. is still currently used in intelligence testing
4. can be measured using psychophysiological instruments

4. Wechsler (1975) proposed a new way of defining intelligence quotient (IQ) which …

1. is now adopted in most intelligence tests
2. addresses the issue of different rates of mental ability change in childhood and in adulthood
3. involves comparing a person’s performance against others’ of the same age group
4. all of the above

5. Spearman’s general intelligence factor – g …

1. is thought to be the basis of all cognitive processes and performance
2. can be observed directly using special intelligence tests
3. is related to schooling
4. is affected by the culture of the person

6. The ‘primary mental abilities’ theory proposed by Thurstone …

1. acknowledged that some tests can be grouped such as ‘verbal’ and ‘spatial’
2. emphasized the differences between abilities instead of common elements of all measures
3. included seven major types of ability
4. all of the above

7. Which of the following theory emphasized the differences between the ability to solve novel problems and learned knowledge?

1. Cattell’s fluid and crystallized intelligence
2. Spearman’s general intelligence
3. Gardner’s multiple intelligences
4. Thurstone’s primary mental abilities

8. Which of the following is an evidence against Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory?

1. Neuropsychological case studies
2. Other researchers do not like the idea of bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence
3. The different intelligences are correlated and thus not independent as claimed
4. Some of the intelligences do not seem to exist

9. Reaction time …

1. increases as IQ increases
2. is a simpler version of IQ test
3. is indicative of speed of thought
4. is typically negatively correlated with IQ score

10. Current brain research shows …

1. brain volume is correlated with intelligence
2. intelligent individuals use their brain resources more efficiently than less intelligent individuals
3. both brain volume and intelligence have a genetic basis
4. all of the above

11. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. Heritability of intelligence remains constant over different ages
2. Molecular genetics research in intelligence can be done with minimal resources
3. The negative effect of very poor environments on IQ can be minimized by exposing these children to enriched environments
4. Schooling does not seem to affect IQ scores

12. One of the major intervention programmes called ‘Project Head Start’ in the US shows that …

1. the gain in IQ scores can be maintained over a long period of time
2. the rise in IQ scores is due to test-specific abilities, not general intelligence, g
3. teachers are biased against certain poor students
4. training in test-taking techniques does not have an impact on the long term outcome

13. ‘Flynn Effect’ …

1. is larger in developing countries than developed countries.
2. is an artefact of data analysis
3. confirms that there are a lot more geniuses in the world
4. shows IQ scores are currently rising in Austria, Germany and Finland

14. Longitudinal studies of intelligence show that individuals’ scores …

1. continue to increase into old age
2. begin to deteriorate after they complete school
3. are relatively stable across the lifespan
4. vary drastically depending on their age

15. Which of the following statements about group differences in IQ is true?

Males score higher in some specific intelligence test than females

Race difference research is controversial due to the disagreements about the biological basis of the ‘race’ concept

Nutrition and discrimination may explain some of the race differences in IQ

All of the above