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The Penal System

Sixth Edition
by Michael Cavadino, James Dignan, George Mair and Jamie Bennett

Student Resources

  • Key Legislation
    • Transforming Youth Custody 2013
    • Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014
    • Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015
  • Weblinks
    • Legislation
    • Official Parliamentary Reports on Penal Matters
    • Government Sources
    • Major Penal Agencies and Organisations
    • Penal Reform Organisations
    • Law Reform Organisations and Reviews
    • Useful Academic Sites
    • Other Useful Sites
  • Further Reading
    • Chapter One: Crisis? What crisis?
    • Chapter Two: Justifying punishment
    • Chapter Three: Explaining punishment
    • Chapter Four: Sentencing: the crux of the crisis
    • Chapter Five: Punishment in the community
    • Chapter Six: Prisons and the penal crisis
    • Chapter Seven: Early release: the penal system's safety valve
    • Chapter Eight: The youth justice system
    • Chapter Nine: Diversity and bias in the criminal justice system
    • Chapter Ten: Solving the crisis?

Chapter Two: Justifying punishment

Palmer, T. (1975), ‘Martinson Revisited’, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 12: 133-152.

Robinson, G. and Raynor, P. (2006), ‘The Future of Rehabilitation: What Role for the Probation Service?’ Probation Journal 53(4): 334-348.

Fox, C. and Albertson, K. (2011), ‘Payment by Results and Social Impact Bonds in the Criminal Justice Sector: New Challenges for the Concept of Evidence-Based Policy?’, Criminology and Criminal Justice, 11(5): 395-413.

Prison Service Journal. Special Edition: Restorative Justice Nov 2016

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