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Title: The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Cesare Beccaria
URL: http://www.iep.utm.edu/beccaria/
This contains extensive details of the life of Cesare Beccaria, the author of On Crimes and Punishments;  Beccaria presents one of the first sustained critiques of the use of capital punishment.

Title: Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory
URL: http://www.umsl.edu/~keelr/200/ratchoc.html
Key concepts in understanding Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory.