1.  ___________ is the contemplation of one’s own mental experiences.

1. introspection
2. contemplation
3. reflection
4. internalization

2. In the development of science, historically, one can identify stages. In this process, the ________ stage was one in which phenomena were dealt with, phenomena that   were detectable directly, i.e., immediately available to the senses (rather like the positivists would favor).

1. metaphysical
2. sensational
3. phenomenal
4. naïve

3. In the development of science, historically, one can identify stages. In this process, the ________ stage was one in which abstract theories are being utilized with the intent of formulating a unified account of the observed phenomena (such as falling objects being united under gravitational theory).

1. metaphysical
2. phenomenal
3. scientific
4. theoretical

4. If a person starts reasoning from a particular fact or facts, e.g., an apple falling, in order to arrive at a general proposition, e.g., the law of gravity, one is using the reasoning process called _______.

1. empiricism
2. deduction
3. induction
4. rationalism

5. Which of the following is not one of the phases identified in the development of instrumentation?

1. devices detect phenomena that are not available to the senses
2. the range of the human senses is extended by an apparatus
3. cultural instruments of organization, e.g., words, are applied to observations
4. the senses are supplemented/organized by auxiliary equipment