Learning Check Answers

Answers to the Learning Check boxes within the text are provided here for your reference.

Learning Check 3.1

1. According to the text, for which type of studies examining deterrence does the “experiential effect” pose the most threat in causing bias results?

  1. Longitudinal Studies
  2. Aggregate Studies
  3. Cross-sectional Studies 

Answer: C

2. According to the text, when looking at the results from the various waves of studies examining deterrence, which element of punishment has shown the most consistent deterrent effect?

  1. Perceived Certainty of Getting Caught
  2. Perceived Severity of the Punishment/Sentence
  3. Perceived Swiftness of Being Punished
  4. They are All about Equally Important

Answer: A

3. According to the text, which type of studies by definition use data that is collected at one point in time? 

  1. Longitudinal Studies
  2. Aggregate Studies
  3. Cross-sectional Studies

Answer: C

 

Learning Check 3.2 

1. According to the text, which theorists first proposed the rational choice theory of criminal behavior?

  1. Clarke and Cornish
  2. Gottfredson and Hirschi
  3. Sampson and Laub
  4. Cohen and Felson
  5. Sykes and Matza

Answer: A

2. According to the text, which theorists first proposed the routine activities theory of crime?

  1. Clarke and Cornish
  2. Gottfredson and Hirschi
  3. Sampson and Laub
  4. Cohen and Felson
  5. Sykes and Matza

Answer: D

3. According to the text, what is NOT one of the elements of routine activities theory that create a likely crime opportunity when they converge in time and place?

  1. Motivated Offender
  2. Suitable/Attractive Target
  3. Time of Day/Night
  4. Absence of Guardianship

Answer: C