Introduction to Criminology: Why Do They Do It?
Student Resources
Learning Check Answers
Answers to the Learning Check boxes within the text are provided here for your reference.
Learning Check 5.1
1. According to the text, the past criminality of which type of family member did “family studies” show was the best predictor of whether or not others in family would become criminal?
- Male siblings
- Grandfather
- Mother
- Father
- All of the above were equal in predicting whether or not a family member would become criminal themselves
Answer: C
2. According to the text, which type of twins share 50% of their genotype?
- MZ twins
- DZ twins
- XZ twins
- ZZ twins
Answer: B
3. According to the text, studies consistently show which types of twins had the highest concordance rates in terms of criminality (as well as virtually all other behaviors/traits)?
- MZ twins
- DZ twins
- XZ twins
- ZZ twins
Answer: A
Learning Check 5.2
1. According to the text, numerous adoption studies have shown that which category of adoptees have the highest likelihood of becoming criminal, abased on criminality of their types of parents?
- Biological parents criminal/adoptive parents criminal
- Biological parents NOT criminal/adoptive parents criminal
- Biological parents criminal/adoptive parents NOT criminal
- NEITHER biological nor adoptive parents criminal
Answer: A
2. According to the text, numerous adoption studies have shown that which of the following categories of adoptees have the highest rates of becoming criminals?
- Biological parents NOT criminal/adoptive parents criminal
- Biological parents criminal/adoptive parents NOT criminal
- Both categories have about the same rates of adoptees becoming criminals
Answer: B
3. According to the text, many studies have shown that identical twins separated at birth have far lower concordance rates in terms of criminality than identical twins raised together.
- True
- False
Answer: B
Learning Check 5.3
1. According to the text, which type of cytogenetic mutation has been most linked to criminality?
- XXY
- XXX
- XYY
- XX
Answer: C
2. According to the text, which type of neurotransmitter, when in low levels, has been consistently linked by virtually all studies to criminality?
- Norepinephrine
- GABA
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- None of the above have been consistently linked to criminality
Answer: C
3. According to the text, which type of neurotransmitter is likely to have a curvilinear effect with criminality, meaning that both very high and very low levels have been linked to deviant, antisocial behavior?
- Norepinephrine
- GABA
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
Answer: D
Learning Check 5.4
1. According to the text, which area of the brain seems most important in terms of trauma when considering the likelihood of criminality?
- Occipital lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Frontal Lobe
- Cerebellum
Answer: C
2. According to the text, which type of nervous system deals with the involuntary motor skills, and is key to the “flight or fight” responses we have when in danger?
- Central Nervous System
- Gastronomic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Cerebral Nervous System
Answer: C
3. According to the text, many studies have consistently shown that individuals who have a ____ heart rate and brain waves are more likely to be criminals.
- Slower
- Faster
Answer: A
