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Research Methodology

Fifth Edition
by Ranjit Kumar

Student Resources

  • Step of the Research Process Resources
    • Step 1: Formulating a Research Problem
    • Step 2: Conceptualising a Research Design
    • Step 3: Constructing an Instrument for Data Collection
    • Step 4: Selecting a Sample
    • Step 5: Writing a Research Proposal
    • Step 6: Collecting Data
    • Step 7: Processing and Displaying Data
    • Step 8: Writing a Research Report
  • Confused Pathway Resources
  • Up For A Challenge Pathway Resources
  • Glossary flashcards
  • Assessment Toolkit
    • Bibliography
    • Dissertation
    • Literature Review
    • Presentation
    • Research Proposal
    • Research Question
    • Short Exam
  • Checkpoints by chapter
    • Research: A Way of Thinking
      • Checkpoint: Evidence-based practice
      • Checkpoint: Defining research
      • Checkpoint: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research
      • Checkpoint: The mixed methods approach
      • Checkpoint: Research paradigms
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • The Research Process: A Quick Glance
      • Checkpoint: Theoretical frameworks and underpinning philosophy
      • Checkpoint: Steps of the research process
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Reviewing the Literature
      • Checkpoint: Literature reviews
      • Checkpoint: Search engines and strategies
      • Checkpoint: Evaluating selected literature
      • Checkpoint: Writing about the literature
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Formulating a Research Problem
      • Checkpoint: Choosing a research topic
      • Checkpoint: Qualitative research problems
      • Checkpoint: Researchable questions
      • Checkpoint: Narrowing your research problem
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Constructing Hypotheses
      • Checkpoint: Hypotheses and research questions
      • Checkpoint: Alternative and null hypotheses
      • Checkpoint: Errors in hypothesis testing
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • The Research Design
      • Checkpoint: Research designs
      • Checkpoint: Control and experimental groups
      • Checkpoint: Principle of variance
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Selecting a Study Design
      • Checkpoint: Designs for different paradigms
      • Checkpoint: Cross-sectional studies
      • Checkpoint: Pre-test/post-test study design
      • Checkpoint: Longitudinal vs cross-sectional designs
      • Checkpoint: Experimental designs
      • Checkpoint: Online surveys
      • Checkpoint: Focus groups vs interviews
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Selecting a Method of Data Collection
      • Checkpoint: Epistemology
      • Checkpoint: Observation
      • Checkpoint: Interviews
      • Checkpoint: Developing questions
      • Checkpoint: Quantitative research instruments
      • Checkpoint: Interview guides
      • Checkpoint: Secondary sources
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales
      • Checkpoint: Attitudinal scale functions
      • Checkpoint: Likert scale
      • Checkpoint: Thurstone and Guttman scales
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Establishing the Validity and Reliability of a Research Instrument
      • Checkpoint: Validity
      • Checkpoint: Types of validity
      • Checkpoint: Validity and reliability
      • Checkpoint: Validity in quantitative research
      • Checkpoint: Validity in qualitative research
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Selecting a Sample
      • Checkpoint: Sampling
      • Checkpoint: Sampling key terms
      • Checkpoint: Avoiding sampling bias
      • Checkpoint: Sampling techniques
      • Checkpoint: Sample size
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Writing a Research Proposal
      • Checkpoint: Research proposal contents
      • Checkpoint: Appraising sources
      • Checkpoint: Design rationale
      • Checkpoint: Ethical considerations
      • Checkpoint: Structuring your proposal
      • Checkpoint: Planning a timeline
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Considering Ethical Issues in Data Collection
      • Checkpoint: Informed consent
      • Checkpoint: Participant risk
      • Checkpoint: Protecting data
      • Checkpoint: Using secondary data
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Processing data
      • Checkpoint: Data cleaning
      • Checkpoint: Data coding
      • Checkpoint: Data themes
      • Checkpoint: Quantitative analysis
      • Checkpoint: Qualitative Analysis
      • Checkpoint: Mixed methods analysis
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Displaying Data
      • Checkpoint: Effective language
      • Checkpoint: Table designs
      • Checkpoint: Graph designs
      • Checkpoint: Exploring statistics
      • Multiple Choice Questions
    • Writing a Research Report
      • Checkpoint: Academic writing conventions
      • Checkpoint: Research report content
      • Checkpoint: Drawing conclusions and maintaining arguments
      • Checkpoint: References and citations
      • Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Research: A Way of Thinking

The Research Process: A Quick Glance

Reviewing the Literature

Formulating a Research Problem

Identifying Variables

Constructing Hypotheses

The Research Design

Selecting a Study Design

Selecting a Method of Data Collection

Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales

Establishing the Validity and Reliability of a Research Instrument

Selecting a Sample

Writing a Research Proposal

Considering Ethical Issues in Data Collection

Processing Data

Displaying Data

Writing a Research Report

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