1. Does a person’s self-concept typically change, or does it mostly stay the same?

1. The self-concept remains constant for most people most of the time
2. The self-concept is usually malleable, depending on a person’s current situation and depending on what other people are nearby
3. It depends on the person: some people have only one self-concept, and other people have multiple different self-concepts
4. None of the above

2. Which qualities does a person have self-schemas for?

1. Qualities that are important to the person
2. Qualities on which the person believes himself to be extreme
3. Qualities on which the person is certain the opposite is not true
4. All of the above

3. When we process information related to our own self-schemas, brain activity resembles ______________ processes, but when we process information unrelated to our own self-schemas, brain activity resembles more _____________ processes.

1. Social judgment/non-social judgment
2. Non-social judgment/social judgment
3. Automatic/controlled
4. Controlled/automatic

4. The relation between individual self-esteem and life satisfaction is ___________ in interdependent cultures than it is in independent cultures.

1. Higher
2. Lower
3. More stable
4. The same

5. What is related to whether the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) or Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) is activated?

1. Different people tend to activate BAS or BIS more frequently
2. Different situations lead to more BAS or BIS activation
3. The left hemisphere is related to BAS and right hemisphere is related to BIS
4. All of the above

6. If a person notices a difference between the actual self and ideal self, what type of regulatory focus is activated?

1. Promotion focus
2. Prevention focus
3. Self focus
4. Other focus

7. Researchers have shown that well-being depends in part on regulatory fit, in other words a match between ______________ and ________________.

1. Actual self/ideal self
2. Actual self/ought self
3. Ideal self/ought self
4. Goals/regulatory focus

8. What is one reason why people might drink alcohol or watch television after a bad day?

1. Reduce prevention focus
2. Reduce regulatory fit
3. Reduce self-focus
4. Reduce other-focus

9. In order to regulate ourselves effectively, we depend on:

1. Reasoned responses
2. Hedonic emotions
3. Self-conscious emotions
4. Both A and C

10. Which needs are satisfied by holding positive illusions about the self?

1. Self-verification
2. Self-improvement
3. Self-enhancement
4. Accuracy

11. People who hold self-enhancing views tend to be:

1. More receptive to negative feedback
2. More defensive about negative feedback
3. More dismissive of negative feedback
4. Both B and C

12. Elevated cortisol levels indicate:

1. Increased stress
2. Increased self-esteem
3. Increased attachment to close others
4. Reduced heart rate

13. People who are motivated by self-enhancement seek a self-assessment that is:

1. As realistic as possible
2. As positive as possible
3. Adequately positive
4. Similar to others’ assessments of them

14. According to terror management theory, what acts as a buffer that reduces people’s anxiety about death?

1. Self-esteem
2. Self-verification
3. Endorsement of cultural views
4. Both A and C

15. What process does simulation theory describe?

1. Inferring another person’s mental state by imagining one’s own mental state in that situation
2. Inferring one’s own mental state by imagining how another person might react to the situation
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B