1. Heuristics can be beneficial, because they:

1. Save time
2. Typically produce correct answers
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B

2. The representativeness heuristic can produce incorrect answers when:

1. A judgment is made based on “fit” instead of on base rates
2. A judgment is made based on base rates instead of on “fit”
3. A judgment based on “fit” produces the same answer as a judgment based on base rates
4. A judgment based on “fit” produces a different answer than a judgment based on base rates

3. Which features help to explain how availability affects judgments?

1. Ease of recall
2. Content of recall
3. Associative strength
4. All of the above

4. In Schwarz, Bless, Strack et al.’s experiment about the availability heuristic, which participants later rated themselves as relatively more assertive?

1. Those who were asked to recall 6 instances of their own assertive behavior
2. Those who were asked to recall 12 instances of their own assertive behavior
3. Those who read an article suggesting a majority of people are assertive
4. Those who reported having many assertive friends

5. Which social phenomena can be explained using the availability heuristic?

1. Stereotyping
2. Perseverance of discredited beliefs
3. Causal attributions
4. All of the above

6. In counterfactual thinking, what kinds of alternative possible outcomes do people typically imagine?

1. Outcomes that seem more unusual than what happened
2. Outcomes that seem more usual than what happened
3. Outcomes that have high base rates
4. Both B and C

7. Counterfactual thinking may be helpful if it:

1. Helps people feel better
2. Helps people create meaning about events in their lives
3. Leads people to make decisions based on anticipated regret
4. Both A and B

8. Which of the following would increase your self-expectation that you will go ice skating?

1. Imagining yourself going ice skating
2. Imagining your brother going ice skating
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B

9. Pham & Taylor’s (1999) study about envisioning the future showed that grades could be improved by envisioning what?

1. Getting a good grade on the test
2. Studying for the test
3. Nothing in particular
4. Both A and B

10. Why might it be problematic for judges to instruct juries to consider the harshest verdict first?

1. Considering the harshest verdict first may lead jurors to render a more lenient verdict
2. Considering the harshest verdict first may lead jurors to render a harsher verdict
3. The harshest verdict is an arbitrary reference point
4. Both B and C

11. What mechanism helps to explain the influence of anchoring on judgments?

1. Insufficient adjustment
2. Plausibility
3. Knowledge of anchor and target
4. All of the above

12. In Kahneman & Tversky’s work on decision framing, they found that even when the options were objectively the same, people were more likely to take risks when those risks were framed as:

1. Potential gains
2. Potential losses
3. Small probabilities
4. Large probabilities

13. What has been shown to improve social perceivers’ ability to estimate covariation?

1. Happy mood
2. Sad mood
3. Confirmatory evidence
4. Both A and C

14. What characteristics produce illusory correlations?

1. Associative meaning between items
2. Paired distinctiveness between items
3. Pseudocontingency between items
4. All of the above

15. How are illusory correlations about groups different from illusory correlations about individuals?

1. Illusory correlations about groups are more enduring
2. Illusory correlations about groups are formed at encoding, while illusory correlations about individuals are formed during judgment
3. Illusory correlations about groups are formed during judgment, while illusory correlations about individuals are formed at encoding
4. Both A and C