Timeline

Here is a timeline of key dates and events related to this chapter.

1 July 1798: Napoleon’s landing in Egypt
5 January 1820: The General Treaty of Peace establishing British dominance in the Persian Gulf
5 July 1830: Establishment of French rule in Algeria
16 November 1869: The opening of the Suez Canal
13 June–13 July 1878: Congress of Berlin
12 May 1881: Establishment of the French Protectorate of Tunisia
13 July 1882: Establishment of British rule in Egypt after the Battle of Tel el-Kebir
30 March 1912: Establishment of the French Protectorate of Morocco
18 October 1912: Establishment of an Italian colony in Libya
14 July 1915–30 January 1916: The Hussein–McMahon Correspondence
9 May 1916: The Sykes–Picot Agreement
2 November 1917: The Balfour Declaration
7 November 1918: The Anglo–French Declaration
8 March 1919–22 February 1922: The Egyptian Revolution
10 June–21 July 1919: The King–Crane Commission
28 June 1919: Treaty of Versailles
10 August 1920: Treaty of Sèvres
11 July 1921: Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan
23 August 1921: Establishment of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia (Iraq)
3 June 1922: The 1922 (Churchill) White Paper
24 July 1923: Treaty of Lausanne
26 September 1923: Establishment of the British Mandate of Palestine
29 September 1923: Establishment of the French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon
29 October 1923: Establishment of the Republic of Turkey
15 April 1936–30 September 1939: The Arab Revolt in Palestine
11 November 1936–18 January 1937: The Peel Commission (Palestine Royal Commission)
17 May 1939: The 1939 (MacDonald) White Paper