1. What does it mean that an attitude is a hypothetical mediating variable?

1. It can be observed directly
2. It cannot be observed directly
3. It links a stimulus to a response
4. Both B and C

2. An attitude can be inferred from a person’s:

1. Cognition
2. Affect
3. Behavior
4. All of the above

3. Why was social cognition research initially spurned by traditionalist researchers?

1. It did not include enough of an affective component
2. It did not involve enough of a behavioral component
3. It was thought to be redundant with cognitive psychological research
4. It was thought to be redundant with attitudes research

4. Which theory of attitudes does not involve a cognitive component?

1. Cognitive dissonance theory
2. Balance theory
3. Theory of planned behaviour
4. Classically conditioned attitudes

5. What is one similarity between classic attitudes research and newer social cognition research?

1. Critical variables
2. Metatheories
3. Theories of cognition
4. Methods from cognitive psychology

6. Cognitive dissonance research has mostly focused on:

1. Attitude change
2. Behavior change
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B

7. Dissonance can be described as:

1. A motivational state
2. A state of arousal
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B

8. How can a person reduce dissonance?

1. Add cognitions
2. Subtract cognitions
3. Reduce the importance of dissonant cognitions
4. All of the above

9. People are more selective about exposure to content when:

1. Dissonance is decreased
2. An attitude is personally important
3. Sequentially arriving information increases commitment
4. Both B and C

10. Which group is more likely to show selective attention?

1. Repressors
2. Sensitizers
3. Extroverts
4. None of the above

11. When are people more likely to learn selectively?

1. During incidental learning
2. During intentional learning
3. During active learning
4. Both B and C

12. What is one difference between cognitive dissonance theory and balance theory?

1. Balance theory does not relate to consistency
2. Cognitive dissonance theory does not relate to cognition
3. Cognitive dissonance theory does not concern relationships between people
4. None of the above

13. Which people make riskier decisions?

1. Individuals
2. Group members at the beginning of a discussion
3. Group members after a discussion
4. None of the above

14. Which people tend to have the strongest attitudes?

1. Children
2. Young adults
3. Middle-aged adults
4. Older adults

15. If a person has two important attitudes, those attitudes are likely to be:

1. Mutually consistent
2. Accessible
3. Persistent over time
4. All of the above