Urquhart, C. (2019). Grounded theory's best kept secret: The ability to build theory. In A. Bryant & K. Charmaz (Eds.), SAGE handbook of current developments in grounded theory (pp. 89–106). London: Sage.

Cathy Urquhart observes that most theory building results in substantive (topic focused) theories. She therefore reviews the historical work of early grounded theorists to identify ways in which substantive theory might become formal theory – that is, theory that has more general relevance and implications.