By the end of Chapter 1, you should be able to:

• Conceptualize counseling as an art and science;
• Differentiate counseling from psychotherapy;
• Differentiate formal from informal helping;
• Provide an overview of the helping formula;
• Identify characteristics of effective helpers;
• Discuss the differences between professional helpers;
• Conceptualize counseling from an historical perspective;
• Describe emerging trends in counseling; and
• Address diversity issues in counseling.