By the end of Chapter 7, you should be able to describe:

• Basic principles associated with the classic theories;
• How behavior manifests itself in terms of the id, ego, and superego in terms of endopsychic conflicts;
• The conscious-unconscious continuum;
• The psychosexual stages of development and their role in personality development;
• Defense mechanisms and give examples of defense mechanisms;
• The role of transference and countertransference in psychotherapy;
• Emerging trends in Freud’s theory such as brief models, interpersonal psychotherapy, and ego-analytic theory;
• The role of social interest in mental health;
• Behavior in terms of teleological movement;
• The role of birth order and family constellation dynamics in personality development;
• How acting “as if” and catching oneself can be used in counseling;
• The life style analysis and how it can be used in counseling;
• Archetypes (e.g., shadow) and the collective unconsciousness; and
• How Jung conceptualized the overall aim of Analytic Psychotherapy.