Multiple Choice Questions

Test your understanding with these multiple choice questions:

1. During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow and prepare the internal organelles for replication?

a. interphase

b. prophase

c. metaphase

d. anaphase

Ans: A

During interphase the cell prepares by duplicating the organelles and the size of the cell grows in preparation for division.

2. When cells decrease in size due to wasting of an organ or structure, this type of cellular adaption is known as ______.

a. atrophy

b. hypertrophy

c. hyperplasia

d. neoplasia

Ans: A

3. When a cell adapts by changing from one type of cell to another type of cell, this type of cellular adaption is known as ______.

a. dysplasia

b. metaplasia

c. neoplasia

d. anaplasia

Ans: B

4. Complete the gaps.

Programmed cell death which maintains the regular replacement of cells within tissues: ______

Caused by injury to cells through infection, hypoxia or external stimuli: ______

Ans: apoptosis; necrosis

5. Put the following progressive steps of cell malignancy in the correct order they occur:

a. angiogenesis

b. initiation

c. metastasis

d. promotion

e. progression

f. evasion

Ans: b, d, e, c, a, f

6. Mutations in a proto-oncogene lead to ______.

a. overactivity of the gene

b. formation of an oncogene

c. promotion of cell proliferation

d. all of these

Ans: D

7. A patient has a 1 cm tumour in their bowel, with no lymph node involvement and no metastasis diagnosed. What is their TNM staging code?

a. T4, N1, M0

b. T1, N4, M2

c. T1, N0, M0

d. T4, N0, M4

Ans: C

T1 indicates the tumour size; N0 indicates no lymph node involvement, M0 indicates no metastases.

8. Which statement about cancer chemotherapy is correct?

a. Chemotherapy drugs do not affect normal cells.

b. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered as one single dose.

c. Chemotherapy drugs may affect the cell cycle.

d. Chemotherapy drugs are local treatments.

Ans: C

9. Which method of screening is used to test for the human papilloma virus?

a. sample of faeces to look for occult blood

b. X-ray mammography

c. papanicolaou smear test

d. blood test for virus

Ans: C

10. Which is of the following is not a generic, systemic sign or symptom of cancer?

a. pain

b. cough

c. fatigue

d. recurrent infections

Ans: B

Cough is specific to a respiratory-based tumour.