1. What type of research is used to estimate how common (or prevalent) something is in the population?

1. Epidemiological
    
2. Ethnographic
    
3. Phenomenological
    
4. Experiential

2. Which of the following is a difficulty of using questionnaires to measure the prevalence of psychological disorders in children?

1. Questionnaires are more expensive than interviewing families
    
2. Questionnaires are more time-consuming than interviewing families
    
3. Questionnaires are less accurate at diagnosing to interviews
    
4. All of the above

3. What may influence heritability estimates of childhood anxiety?

1. Severity of the anxiety being measured
    
2. Whether the parent or the child reports on anxiety severity
    
3. The age of the child
    
4. All of the above

4. Which of the following consequences is currently thought likely for those who have “orchid” genes?

1. The child is particularly sensitive to the parenting they receive: if they have warm and loving parenting,  orchid genes are protective against psychological disorders; if they have a stressful childhood, orchid genes increase the child’s vulnerability to psychological disorders
    
2. The child is more vulnerable to psychological disorders, regardless of parenting
    
3. The child’s vulnerability to developing psychological disorders is reduced, regardless of parenting
    
4. The presence of orchid genes results in less positive outcomes from clinical parenting interventions

5. Does problematic parenting cause anxiety in children, or does a child’s anxiety cause their parents to parent differently?

1. There is not enough evidence to conclude either way
    
2. Parenting styles, such as overprotection and harshness causes anxiety
    
3. Child anxious behaviours, such as sensitivity, causes parents to want to protect their child more
    
4. There is no relationship between parenting and childhood anxiety in either direction

6. How prevalent is depression in preadolescent childhood?

1. Generally, studies find prevalence rates of less than 1%
    
2. Generally, studies find prevalence rates of 5-10%
    
3. Generally, studies find prevalence rates of 15-20%
    
4. Generally, studies find prevalence rates of 25-30%

7. Lots of children and adolescents have spells of low mood that will recover without intervention. What is the recommended period of ‘watchful waiting’ prior to offering therapy for mild childhood depression, according to the NICE Guideline?

1. One week
    
2. Four weeks
    
3. Three months
    
4. Six months

8. According to the NICE Guideline, from what age might a child/young person be offered SSRI fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression?

1. Any child with moderate to severe depression could be offered SSRI fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression
    
2. Children aged 8 years and older could be offered SSRI fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression
    
3. Children aged 12 years and older could be offered SSRI fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression
    
4. Children should not be offered SSRI fluoxetine. This medication is only suitable for adults.

9. Who is most likely to continue having behaviour problems in adulthood?

1. Children who first develop behaviour problems in preadolescence
    
2. Young people who first develop behaviour problems during their teenage years
    
3. Children and young people with behaviour problems are equally likely to continue having behaviour problems in adulthood
    
4. It is unlikely that children or young people will continue having behavioural problems in adulthood

10. Parents of children with behaviour problems are:

1. More likely to enforce household rules than parents of average children
    
2. Less likely to use positive reinforcement (praise and reward) to encourage good behaviour than parents of average children
    
3. More likely to use positive reinforcement (praise and reward) to encourage good behaviour than parents of average children
    
4. Less likely to give attention to unwanted behaviours than parents of average children