1. Which of the following is not a common symptom of panic disorder?

1. Palpitations
    
2. Skin prickling
    
3. Hallucinations
    
4. Sweating

2. Of panic disorder and social anxiety disorder, which is thought to be the most common disorder?

1. Panic Disorder
    
2. Social Anxiety Disorder
    
3. They are both very rare but equally common
    
4. They are both very common and occur about equally

3. Which of the following scenarios would warrant a diagnosis of panic disorder?

1. When a particular stimulus or situation is identified that causes a person to panic
    
2. The client has a one-off panic attack
    
3. The client can predict when they will next experience a panic attack
    
4. The client’s panic attacks are spontaneous and recurrent

4. In times of stress, what happens within the autonomic nervous system?

1. The parasympathetic nervous system takes a backseat and the sympathetic nervous system becomes more dominant
    
2. The sympathetic nervous system takes a backseat and the parasympathetic nervous system becomes more dominant
    
3. The autonomic nervous system balances out the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
    
4. The autonomic nervous system inhibits physiological arousal

5. Which of the following is a biological explanation of panic disorder?

1. Decreased activity levels in norepinephrine
    
2. Increased volume in the occipital lobes
    
3. Underactive fight-flight response
    
4. Sensitivity to increases in carbon dioxide levels

6. Which of the following is not a process in the panic cycle of Clark’s (1986) cognitive model of panic disorder?

1. Processing of the self as a social object
    
2. Catastrophic misinterpretation
    
3. Perceived threat
    
4. Apprehension

7. Why might it not be advisable for an anxiety disorder sufferer to engage in safety behaviours?

1. Because the sufferer won’t have the opportunity to challenge their negative beliefs
    
2. Because the safety behaviours may result in future panic attacks being more likely
    
3. Because the results may reinforce the sufferer’s biased view of reality
    
4. All of the above

8. Which of the following is a critique of Clark’s (1986) cognitive model of panic disorder?

1. It doesn’t account for panic triggered by heightened anxiety and panic that occurs randomly
    
2. It is difficult to prove whether panic causes misinterpretation or whether misinterpretation causes panic
    
3. It doesn’t explain how individual panic attacks escalate
    
4. All of the above

9. According to NICE guidelines, which of the following would be the first choice of medication for an individual with panic disorder?

1. Beta-blockers
    
2. Benzodiazepines
    
3. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
    
4. Tricyclic antidepressants

10. What is NICE’s first line recommendation for treatment for social anxiety disorder?

1. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
    
2. Drug therapy (SSRIs)
    
3. Exposure Therapy
    
4. A combination of all of the above