Consider the following questions to check your understanding.

1. Is there such a thing as a ‘new female offender’?
2. What are the implications of the current trend to ‘search for equivalence’ in women’s and men’s offending?
3. Discuss the idea that women’s offending is underpinned by victimization.
4. In what ways are women offenders particularly vulnerable?
5. To what extent have women offenders been denied their agency?
6. Outline and discuss the ways in which the female offender is experiencing greater punitiveness.
7. Outline the advantages/disadvantages of gender-responsive programmes for women offenders.
8. Can a human rights discourse offer anything to the female offender?