1.  Which of the following would be regarded as reasonable justifications for selecting a particular empirical research design?

1. One that is seen to have fitness for purpose.
2. One that has been previously validated.
3. One that will allow the research question/s to be answered effectively.
4. All of the above are true.

2.  Which of the following would be generally regarded as a threat to validity in experimental research?

1. Control.
2. Manipulation.
3. Artificiality.
4. All of the above.

3.  A survey that is well designed and implemented can almost be guaranteed to deliver reliable results but whether these will be valid or not is another question.

1. True.
2. False.

4.  A cross-sectional survey is one that:

1. Collects data at one point in time.
2. Collects data over a period of time.
3. Collects data from individuals only.
4. None of the above.

5.  The most important issue in any comparative research project is equivalence.

1. True.
2. False.

6.  In Yin’s matrix of case study designs, which is the only type that could not be used to conduct a comparative study?

1. Type I.
2. Type II.
3. Type III.
4. Type IV.

7.  In a replicative study, cases that are chosen because they are expected to show different results, but for predictable reasons, would be referred to as:

1. Literal replication.
2. Random replication.
3. Theoretical replication.
4. None of the above.

8.  Action research may be regarded as a form of live, or real time, experimentation.

1. True.
2. False.

9.  Realism and naturalistic enquiry are said to be characteristics of:

1. Observational research.
2. Experimental research.
3. Survey research.
4. Replicative research.

10. Mixed or multiple-methods research designs:

1. Can facilitate the collection of quantitative and qualitative data.
2. Offer possibilities for data triangulation.
3. Could support the use of methodological triangulation.
4. All of the above.