1. Ronald Reagan initiated a policy of space-based defensive weapons also known as SDI. What did this stand for?

1. Serial Digital Interface
2. Scientific Digital Imaging
3. Strategic Defense Initiative
4. None of the options

2. What does Horizontal Proliferation mean?

1. This occurs when a non-nuclear state decides to cross the threshold and acquire nuclear weapons
2. This occurs when existing nuclear weapon states decide to further develop their nuclear arsenal
3. This occurs when existing nuclear weapon states decide to reduce their nuclear arsenal
4. This occurs when non-nuclear weapon states decide to begin developing nuclear technology for the purpose of generating energy

3. According to Kenneth Waltz’s ‘more may be better’ argument which of the following is a true statement?

1. A large nuclear arsenal is necessary for a state to dominate its region and ensure that no other state dares attack it
2. Given Kenneth Waltz is often categorised as a ‘Defensive Realist’, a small nuclear arsenal with an appropriate command and control doctrine is sufficient for nuclear deterrence to operate successfully
3. The only way for a state to maintain its security is for it to seek an alliance with a larger and more powerful state
4. None of the options

4. What has the impact of Nuclear Proliferation in the post-Cold War era been on international politics?

1. The impact on rich and militarily powerful countries has been that their choices to act independently in regions or against recently proliferating states have been curtailed
2. The impact on newly proliferating states has been that they have begun to consider nuclear weapons as a way of ensuring their security in an increasingly unstable global environment
3. The classical ideas on balance of power whereby a few states held nuclear weapons has broken down as new states begin to acquire nuclear weapons
4. All of the options

5. What type of weapons are WMDs?

1. Small Arms and Light Weapons that can be carried by an individual
2. Chemical, biological and Nuclear explosive devices
3. Surface to Air Missiles
4. Ballistic Missiles when they are not carrying a warhead

6. Which of the following has not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty?

1. Denmark
2. Japan
3. India
4. Guatemala