The specified file temporary://fileZlRpPW could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
The specified file temporary://filegZseHD could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
The specified file temporary://fileRh1a5w could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
The specified file temporary://fileg24xMF could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
The specified file temporary://filevTZX6f could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
The specified file temporary://filegJ7I6n could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
The specified file temporary://fileEJWFME could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
The specified file temporary://fileOzatZ6 could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
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The specified file temporary://filejHlNNE could not be copied, because the destination directory is not properly configured. This may be caused by a problem with file or directory permissions. More information is available in the system log.
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Scotland is a much healthier place in which to live in the 21st century than it was in the 19th and 20th centuries as measured by rates of mortality.
Causes of death today are significantly different than those in the middle of the 20th century.
Despite that, Scotland has higher rates of mortality than most other west European countries, and rates of improvement have been slower. There has even been a significant increase in some, notably chronic liver disease, in the last twenty years.
Explanations for Scottish mortality rates have focused on social class effects which continue to generate significant inequalities in health.
There also seem to be ‘ecological’ effects such that Glasgow and Clydeside do significant worse in terms of ‘excess mortality’ than comparable cities and towns.
Explanations for these effects are tentative and hypothetical, and include differential out-migration, and epigenetic differences embedded in the population over time.
