1. An attribution refers to the behaviour of

1. a conclusion made about someone’s disposition
2. attributing someone’s behaviour to situational factors
3. attributing a cause to an event
4. attributing someone’s behaviour to their disposition

2. An evaluation of a target where we decide what we think and feel towards an object is

1. a belief
2. an attitude
3. a prejudice
4. an opinion

3. The tendency to attribute the actions of a person we are observing to their disposition, rather than to situational variables, is termed

1. attribution bias
2. dispositional attribution error
3. fundamental attribution error
4. dispositional bias

4. The actor–observer effect refers to the tendency of explaining other people’s behaviour in terms of

1. dispositional factors
2. situational factors
3. both dispositional and situational factors
4. neither dispositional nor situational factors

5. The phrase ‘ultimate attribution error’ refers to

1. attributing positive behaviour of people in a liked group to their inherent goodness
2. subconsciously attributing positive characteristics to a member of a disliked group
3. the last social misjudgement a person will ever make
4. maintaining prejudice and finding ways to explain away positive behaviour by a member of a disliked group

6. Correspondent inference theory (CIT) proposes a number of factors that determine the extent to which we attribute observed actions to a disposition or the situation. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

1. desirability
2. attractiveness
3. hedonic relevance
4. personalism

7. In his covariation model, Harold Kelley suggests there are three dimensions that we use to make our judgements of cause. Which of the following is NOT one of those dimensions?

1. distinctiveness
2. consistency
3. desirability
4. consensus

8. One of the main criticisms of the correspondent inference theory is that it

1. underestimates the extent of our analyses of others’ behaviour
2. does not explain unintentional behaviour
3. does not consider internal factors
4. ignores intentional actions

9. The term ‘motivated tactician’ refers to the idea that

1. people make decisions based on different resource-intense and cost-saving strategies depending on the intended outcomes
2. people make decisions based on flawed and simplistic knee-jerk reactions
3. people make decisions after careful analysis of all the available data
4. people make decisions by ignoring much of the available data and using only heuristics that save time and mental effort

10. Persons who attribute much of the cause of what happens to them to control from within themselves are said to have

1. an internal locus of control
2. an external locus of control
3. an internal locum of control
4. an external locum of control

11. The cognitive miser model proposes that

1. we seek rational answers
2. we use heuristics to make quick judgements
3. we are influenced by others in making our judgements
4. we are naïve scientists

12. The fundamental attribution error refers to

1. the tendency to attribute the actions of others we are observing to their disposition
2. the tendency to attribute our successes to our internal dispositions and our failures to external situational factors
3. the tendency to explain others’ behaviour in terms of dispositional factors and our own behaviour in terms of situational factors
4. the tendency to attribute the actions of others to situational factors

13. Fundamental attribution errors were initially identified by

1. Ross (1977) and Jones (1979)
2. Jones and Harris (1967)
3. Jones and Davis (1965)
4. Harris (1977) and Jones (1979)

14. The group attribution error refers to

1. the tendency to assign an individual to a particular group based on their behaviour
2. the tendency to make general inferences about a group from a single group member, or to assume that group behaviour reflects individual attitudes
3. the tendency to attribute negative behaviour by an individual to the perceived characteristics of a group to which the individual belongs
4. the tendency to assume that an individual only identifies with a single group rather than a set of overlapping or unrelated groups

15. The actor–observer effect was first observed by

1. Jones and Nelson (1972)
2. Jones and Norman (1972)
3. Jones and Nisbett (1972)
4. Jones and Nesbitt (1972)

16. According to the social learning theory, attitudes can be formed through

1. observing our own behaviour
2. our own experiences
3. observing others
4. innate drives

17. Social learning theories are based on the work of

1. Bandura (1972)
2. Heider (1958)
3. Tajfel (1959)
4. Kelley (1967)

18. The theory of planned behaviour was designed by

1. Zajonc (1968)
2. Azjen (1991)
3. Fishbein (1975)
4. Strack (1988)

19. Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors in the theory of planned behaviour?

1. attitudes
2. attributions
3. subjective norms
4. perceived control

20. The just-world hypothesis refers to

1. a belief that people are basically honest and law abiding
2. a belief that people generally get what they deserve and deserve what they get
3. a belief that people should be socially responsible
4. a belief that people should unite to create a just world

21. Which one of the following is NOT a step put forward by Latané and Darley (1969) under their bystander intervention model?

1. noticing
2. approaching
3. interpreting
4. provision of help

22. When examining the relationship between real-world and online altruistic behaviour, it was found that

1. people commonly show a different level of altruism online compared to real-world situations
2. people commonly show the same level of altruism online as they do in real-world situations
3. people are commonly more aggressive and less altruistic online
4. people are commonly less aggressive and more altruistic online

23. Which of the following is NOT one of the four different types of behaviour that Stevens, Cushman and Hauser (2005) suggest can be used to explain evolutionary prosociality?

1. kin selection
2. reciprocity
3. mutualism
4. empathy

24. Benson, Karabenick and Lerner (1976) found that their participants were more likely to help a person they considered

1. to be an in-group member
2. to be similar to them
3. to have an attractive personality
4. to be in a situation outside of their control

25. The act of helping out another person is referred to as

1. social aiding
2. prosocial behaviour
3. social assistance
4. social behaviour

26. In an evolutionary context, the term mutualism can be defined as

1. the closer the relationship, the more the individual is willing to sacrifice
2. one helps somebody else in the hope of future cooperation and repayment
3. by punishing an individual for past behaviour, the punisher hopes to gain a future reward
4. helping each other out is beneficial to everyone involved, and anybody who fails to cooperate will be worse off

27. In an evolutionary context, the term reciprocity can be defined as

1. the closer the relationship, the more the individual is willing to sacrifice
2. one helps somebody else in the hope of future cooperation and repayment
3. by punishing an individual for past behaviour, the punisher hopes to gain a future reward
4. helping each other out is beneficial to everyone involved, and anybody who fails to cooperate will be worse off

28. According to Wansik and Sobal, on average how many food-related decisions do people take each day?

1. 20
2. 50
3. 100
4. 200

29. The LaPiere study on the relationship between prejudiced attitudes and behaviour found that

1. restaurants and hotels expressed few prejudiced attitudes but behaved with a lot of discrimination
2. restaurants and hotels expressed a lot of prejudiced attitudes but behaved with little discrimination
3. restaurants and hotels expressed a lot of prejudiced attitudes and behaved with a lot of discrimination
4. restaurants and hotels expressed few prejudiced attitudes and behaved with little discrimination

30. The norm of social responsibility refers to

1. the idea that we are all responsible for the creation of the society in which we live
2. the idea that we should help people who are in need because they will likely help us in turn
3. the idea that we should help people who are in need without expecting anything in return
4. the idea that everyone has an obligation to engage in social activity