1. In the context of psychological experiments, reliability refers to

1. the ability of an experiment to prove a hypothesis
2. the consistency of the results of an experiment
3. the usefulness of the results of an experiment
4. whether the researcher is likely to turn up on time

2. Reactivity refers to the effect whereby

1. a participant responds to an experimental trial
2. demand characteristics influence participant behaviour
3. a stimulus causes a response
4. people’s behaviour is affected by the knowledge that they are being observed

3. Inferential statistics provide information about

1. mean, medians and modes
2. measures of dispersion
3. the probability that your scores could occur by chance
4. whether you have proved your hypothesis

4. Qualitative data typically come in the form of

1. numbers
2. words
3. measurements
4. frequencies

5. In terms of experimental techniques, ‘content analysis’ refers to

1. measuring the level of happiness of an experimental participant
2. looking at the front pages of a book to determine if it’s worth reading
3. formally categorizing and counting the frequency of things in texts
4. examining what people have in their bags to infer personality characteristics

6. Demand characteristics are

1. the social demands on someone in an experiment
2. the features of a study, which give cues on how someone is meant to behave
3. unwanted influences in an experiment produced by the experimenter
4. the consequences of a self-fulfilling prophecy

7. A double-blind control is an experiment where

1. the participant is not aware of which condition they are in
2. the experimenter is not aware of which condition the participant is in
3. neither the experimenter nor the participant is aware of which condition the participant is in
4. nobody has got a clue what is going on

8. What are experimenter effects?

1. the social demands on someone in an experiment
2. the features of a study, which give cues on how someone is meant to behave
3. unwanted influences in an experiment produced by the experimenter
4. the consequences of a self-fulfilling prophecy

9. The British Psychological Society has published an ethical code based on four principles. Two of them are respect and responsibility. The other two are

1. due diligence and integrity
2. competence and integrity
3. due diligence and professionalism
4. professionalism and integrity

10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about ‘neural networks’:

1. they can be used to simulate the way the brain works
2. they use individual, interacting computational units that can communicate simultaneously
3. they are self-aware entities that have distinct, sometimes malevolent, personalities
4. they can be trained to understand visual inputs in a way similar to humans

11. What is discursive psychology?

1. a method that looks at how people discuss things
2. a method that examines how individuals perform in social action
3. a method where psychologists explore ideas by discussing things
4. the work of the devil

12. The process of triangulation refers to

1. doing everything three times to ensure reliability
2. doing everything three times to ensure validity
3. comparing qualitative and quantitative data to ensure reliability
4. comparing qualitative and quantitative data to ensure validity

13. In the field of gambling studies, the term behavioural tracking refers to

1. data from gambling companies that shows the log of an individual’s behaviour online
2. closely following an individual to observe their natural behaviour
3. closely following an individual’s behaviour online to observe their gambling in real time
4. using online data of gambling behaviour to track down a particular individual

14. What was the sample size of the behavioural tracking study by Auer and Griffiths?

1. 100
2. 1,000
3. 10,000
4. 100,000

15. What is the eye–mind assumption?

1. there is a direct relationship between eye movements and thought
2. the brain only processes what the eye is looking at
3. there is a relationship between gaze and consciousness
4. there is a relationship between gaze and awareness

16. What is the placebo effect?

1. the belief that a substance is having an effect even when it isn’t
2. an inactive substance or fake treatment produces a response in the patient
3. a substance has an enhanced effect on a patient due to their belief in its efficacy
4. a substance that fails to work on a patient because of their beliefs about its efficacy

17. It is often NOT possible to carry out double-blind trials of psychological treatments because

1. there are ethical issues in having a control condition of ‘no treatment’
2. it is sometimes impossible to disguise who is receiving the treatment and who isn’t
3. the trails are conducted by the therapists who are trying to have an effect on the patients
4. all of these

18. When George Miller argued that we should give psychology away, he was referring to

1. psychologists should give their services for free
2. psychologists should only work for publicly funded organizations
3. psychologists should not claim expertise but should encourage everyone to be in control of themselves
4. psychologists should create a technology that makes everyday life healthier and safer

19. David Wilson argues that murder is a social rather than an individual event because

1. there are usually other people present when the murder is carried out
2. many murderers work in teams
3. people who are commonly murdered by serial killers come from groups on the fringes of mainstream society
4. people who are commonly murdered by serial killers often know each other

20. The research study on bus shelter adverts by Crundall et al. found that

1. bus shelter adverts receive more attention than pole-mounted adverts
2. bus shelter adverts receive less attention than pole-mounted adverts
3. bus shelter adverts receive a similar amount of attention as pole-mounted adverts
4. all adverts are hazardous to drivers