1. What does the biopsychosocial model NOT postulate?

1. that there is a single cause to a disease
2. health and illness have many causes
3. that there are connections between mental events and biological changes
4. that infectious diseases have been replaced by chronic diseases

2. The HBM is short for which of the following?

1. the Health Behaviour Model
2. the Harfatum Bilateral Mechanism
3. the Health Belief Model
4. the Higher Behavioural Mechanism

3. In 1946, the World Health Organization defined health as

1. a physical state of heightened activity and nourishment and a social state of gregariousness
2. a mental state of fulfilment and wholesomeness derived from physical exercise and social engagement
3. a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
4. a mindfulness of one’s physical and mental existence through thoughtful reflection.

4. When the body is in a state of internal stability, it is said to be in a state of

1. resistance
2. allostasis
3. homeostasis
4. alarm

5. Hans Selye identified a general set of changes that the body goes through in response to a stressor. This is known as the

1. general adaptation syndrome
2. transtheoretical model
3. allostatic load
4. homeostatic response

6. The body's main stress hormone is

1. ACTH
2. cortisol
3. epinephrine
4. norepinephrine

7. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) describe coping as consisting of two types, namely

1. problem-avoidance coping and emotion-avoidance coping
2. emotional-resilience coping and social support seeking
3. positive reappraisal and negative reappraisal
4. problem-focussed and emotion-focussed coping

8. What are the heritability rates of the body mass index?

1. 20%–30%
2. 50%–70%
3. 40%–70%
4. 10%–20%

9. What is neuralgia?

1. a pain with no obvious physical injury
2. a sharp pain along a nerve pathway
3. a pain with no obvious physical injury and a sharp pain along a nerve pathway
4. a burning pain

10. What were McGowan et al.’s (1998) findings when they explored the personal and psychological factors influencing the experience of pain?

1. in women with pelvic pain, there is a correlation between their anxiety and the strength of their pain
2. in men with pelvic pain, there is a correlation between their anxiety and the strength of pain
3. women are more disturbed by low-level pain that lasts several days
4. women found postsurgical pain more intense than men