Ans: C – the way that apparently uniform institutions take on a variety of meanings in different contexts. These institutions can include ‘the family’, ‘a tribe’ or ‘science’.

Ans: D – how before why, and what before how. Understanding social phenomena through qualitative methods usually means trying to answer ‘what’ and ‘how’ questions. ‘Why’ questions are usually best postponed until you have a proper understanding of the phenomenon under investigation.