1. Tax revenue from tobacco products in the UK reached ______ in 2012/13.

1. £12.3 billion
2. £2.3 billion
3. £6.3 billion
4. £8.3 billion

2. In Britain it was estimated that the prevalence of smoking among men reached almost ______ during the 40s and 50s (Wald et al., 1988).

1. 60%
2. 80%
3. 70%
4. 50%

3. The WHO report in 2013 estimated that tobacco will kill as many as ______ people this century if the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is not implemented rapidly.

1. 2 billion
2. 1 billion
3. half a billion
4. quarter of a billion

4. Cigarette smoking accounts for ______ deaths in the UK, nearly 1 of every 5 deaths.

1. 90,000
2. 100,000
3. 110,000
4. 120,000

5. ‘If the last ten years have taught us anything, it is that the industry is dominated by the companies who respond most to the needs of ______ smokers’ (Imperial Tobacco, Canada, cited by ASH, 2010).

1. younger
2. older
3. female
4. male

6. The biological theory of smoking make the assumption that ______.

1. tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive substance
2. nicotine activates brain circuits that regulate feelings of pleasure, the ‘reward pathways’ of the brain
3. nicotine increases the amounts of the neurotransmitter dopamine
4. all of these

7. The psychological theory of smoking assumes that smoking ______.

1. is a learned habit
2. looks cool
3. moderates anxiety
4. all of these

8. A person who smokes 30 cigarettes daily gets over ______  nicotine hits a year.

1. 100,000
2. 10,000
3. 5,000
4. 1,000

9. Ikard et al. (1969) conducted a survey of a national (U.S.) probability sample. In a factor analysis of the responses they identified six smoking motivation factors: reduction of negative affect, habit, addiction, pleasure, stimulation and sensorimotor manipulation. Subsequent surveys produced similar factors. ______ report that they smoked for reduction of negative affect and pleasure.

1. Older people more than younger people
2. Younger people more than older people
3. Women more than men
4. Men more than women

10. Graham describes smoking as ‘not simply a way of structuring caring: it is also part of the way smokers ______ when it breaks down’ (1987: 54).

1. fill in time
2. have a think
3. have a break
4. reimpose structure