1. Which of the following terms coined by Beck (1986) refers to the notion that people feel that they are under threat from an increasing range of hazards?

1. hazardous perceptions
2. risk society
3. threatening attitudes
4. all of these

2. Which of the following techniques have been used to screen breast cancer?

1. breast self-examination
2. mammography
3. clinical breast examination
4. all of these

3. Which of the following is considered a main risk factor and a necessary cause of cervical cancer?

1. human torovirus
2. human papillomavirus
3. machupo virus
4. rotavirus C

4. Which of the following tests can be used to detect precancerous stages of cervical cancer?

1. mammography
2. pap test
3. fecal sample test
4. urine sample test

5. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. People from poorer backgrounds have better health outcomes.
2. Asians were less likely to receive colorectal cancer screening than Whites.
3. Women who owned a car are less likely to have had a mammography than those who don’t own one.
4. Women from ethnic minorities are more likely to participate in cervical cancer screening.

6. Based on a study by von Wagner et al. (2011), which of the following is considered a corollary of socioeconomic status of cancer screening?

1. stressors and resources for change
2. education opportunities
3. illness experiences
4. all of these

7. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. Women often find mammography screening painful.
2. In the UK, uptake for bowel cancer screening is generally high.
3. Uptake of mammography is higher among women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
4. all of these

8. Which of the following terms is used to describe the diagnosis of cancer at screening that would not have been clinically apparent in the woman’s lifetime?

1. clinical testing
2. diagnostic trial
3. overdiagnosis
4. symptom checker

9. Which of the following has been stated as a reason to not recommend screening by healthcare providers?

1. they did not think the patients would participate
2. concerns about the radiation risk
3. because of the cost
4. all of these

10. Which of the following is often initiated by individuals when they suspect that because of family history they may be carriers of a disease?

1. cancer screening
2. immunization
3. genetic testing
4. none of these