Multiple Choice Questions

1. Shannon and Weaver’s (1949) model of communication has the following components: ______.

  1. precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
  2. product, price, place, promotion
  3. source, transmitter, channel, receiver, destination
  4. none of these

Answer: C

2. Which of the following health communication style makes use of the patient’s knowledge and experience?

  1. doctor-centred communication
  2. patient-centred communication
  3. practitioner-centred communication
  4. none of these

Answer: B

3. Which of the following principle(s) is/are part of a patient-centered style of health communication?

  1. exploring both disease and experience
  2. understanding the whole experience
  3. incorporating prevention and health promotion
  4. all of these

Answer: D

4. Using leadership theory, Huynh and Sweeny (2013) outlined three patterned approaches to patient care among clinicians. Which of the following approaches involves setting health goals and providing patients with instructions, feedback, and reinforcement to pursue these behaviour goals?

  1. laissez-faire
  2. transactional
  3. transformational
  4. none of these

Answer: B

5. Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the application of digital information and communication technology to health care?

  1. digi-health
  2. e-health
  3. i-health
  4. tech-health

Answer: B

6. The use of mobile and wireless applications (e.g., SMS, apps, wearable devices, remote sensing and use of social media, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) to health-related purposes describes ______.

  1. e-health
  2. i-health
  3. s-health
  4. m-health

Answer: D

7. Which of the following refers to a programme that aims to enable patients to make better use of information and communication technology for health and health care?

  1. patient informatics
  2. ICT health
  3. health-tech
  4. none of these

Answer: A

8. The way messages are framed influences people’s intentions and willingness to change their behaviour. Which of the following refers to the type of message framing that gives information about a health behaviour that emphasizes the costs of failing to take action?

  1. gain-framed messages
  2. loss-framed messages
  3. neutrally-framed messages
  4. none of these

Answer: B

9. Tversky and Kahneman’s (1981) ______ proposed that people consider potential gains and losses when making decisions and, therefore, people’s preferences are sensitive to the framing of information.

  1. prospect theory
  2. gains-losses theory
  3. theory on information processing
  4. social identity theory

Answer: A

10. Which of the following refers to the capacity to access, understand, appraise and apply health information and services, and to make appropriate health decisions to promote and maintain health?

  1. health accessibility
  2. health appraisal
  3. health literacy
  4. health promotion

Answer: C