By the end of this chapter, you will:

• Describe the nature and causes of the most highly stigmatised conditions of modern times, HIV-seropositivity, and AIDS
• Discuss the main risk factors and at-risk groups
• Discuss the psychosocial issues of people living with HIV infection/AIDS and of caring for someone with the condition, and interventions
• Discuss stigmatisation from the viewpoint of the socio-cognitive and structural approaches
• Understand the major challenges for the care of people living with HIV and AIDS