1. Each study in health psychology uses a specific participant or patient population (P), an intervention or issue of interest (I), a ______ (C) and an outcome of interest (O) or ‘PICO’.

1. comparison of interest
2. condition of interest
3. consequence of interest
4. correlation of interest

2. Action research can be traced back to the Gestalt psychology of ______.

1. Kurt Koffka
2. Max Wertheimer
3. Wolfgang Kohler
4. Kurt Lewin

3. In action research, as originally conceived, an idea leads to a general plan, and action steps. A change in the general plan might be indicated following a ______ of results.

1. reconnaissance
2. review
3. recalculation
4. rendering

4. In PhotoVoice, by taking and displaying ______, people can became more reflectively aware and are able to mobilize around personal and local issues.

1. newspapers
2. notes
3. photographs
4. diaries

5. In a between groups design, one of the groups should be a ______ group that will enable us to discover whether the treatment(s) show a different effect from no treatment.

1. context
2. control
3. comparison
4. contrast

6. A detailed descriptive account of an individual, group or collective is called a ______.

1. detailed study
2. descriptive study
3. case study
4. controlled study

7. Cause and effect can never be inferred between one variable and another, and it is impossible to say whether the observed associations are caused by a third background variable not measured in a ______.

1. cross-correlational study
2. cross-sampling study
3. cross-sectional study
4. cross-variable study

8. Discourse analysis is a set of procedures for analysing language as used in ______.

1. speech or texts
2. experiments
3. surveys
4. questionnaires

9. Both the investigator and the participant (subject) are prevented from knowing whether they are in the treatment of control condition in a ______.

1. similar control
2. placebo control
3. matched control
4. double-blind control

10. A necessary requirement before any research can be started is ______.

1. paper and sharpened pencils
2. clip board at the ready
3. computer switched on
4. ethical approval